Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the ground beef and cook, stirring occasionally, until browned and crumbly, approximately 5 to 7 minutes. Drain and discard any excess grease.
Mix the tomato sauce, white sugar, garlic salt, and salt into the cooked ground beef. Simmer the mixture for about 20 minutes to allow the flavors to blend. Remove from heat, cover the skillet, and let it cool to room temperature.
While the sauce is simmering, bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a boil. Add the egg noodles and cook them, stirring occasionally, until they are cooked through but still firm to the bite. This usually takes about 7 to 9 minutes. Drain the noodles.
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F and grease a 9x13-inch casserole dish.
In a bowl, mix together the sour cream, softened cream cheese, and diced onion until well-combined.
Begin layering the casserole dish. Start by adding half of the cooked egg noodles as the bottom layer. Then, spread half of the sour cream mixture over the noodles, followed by half of the ground beef mixture. Repeat the layers one more time.
Sprinkle shredded Cheddar cheese evenly over the top layer of the casserole.
Place the casserole dish in the preheated oven and bake for 25 to 30 minutes, or until the cheese is melted and golden brown.
Once baked, remove the casserole from the oven and let it cool for a few minutes before serving. Enjoy the delicious flavors of this quick and easy Hamburger Dinner Casserole!